One is enough

What is this?
I don't know what's the proper name for this category of words. The cases when one word from a phrase is taken out to mean the whole phrase, despite it having several other meanings when used apart from the phrase.

For symmetry, I've included a few oddly specific phrases, where an extra word is commonly added to denote the very important difference between the millions of instances of the common variant and the couple of exceptions.
6-X-2021 - 6-III-2024 go home  
word
is taken to actually mean
why is this wrong
burger
a meat patty of Hamburg recipe, with the bun and toppings
the patty is actually not required, there's a veggie burger.
because nobody knows what it is - a Hamburger means "the Hamburgian" - Hamburgian what?
fries
french fried potato
"Fry" could be anything fried, including electronics, fish, any steak.
Besides, it was invented by Belgians.
tarmac
landing strip for flying vehicles
It used to mean "tar and macadam", the latter being the gravel laid by MacAdam's recipe. It's a precursor to asphalt. The runways are mostly just concrete, so even the mention of tar is misplaced. This is even funnier when SF writers mention tarmac on other planets.
vacuum
vacuum cleaner; clean using vacuum cleaner
Vacuum is utter void, no air, no pressure. Saying "vacuum" to denote some sub-pressure is like calling any fraction a zero.
Besides, vacuum is not dirty at all, it needs no cleaning.
bourbon
whiskey by bourbon street/county recipe
not exactly wrong, it's just that nobody ever thinks of poor french kings
breaker
circuit breaker
there are many other breakers, e.g. waves, or in CB radio, break dancer. It's easy to run into ambiguity.
pepperoni (2)
pizza with pepperoni sausage
pepperone is a hot pepper
pepperoni
sausage with pepperoni
pepperoni is plural of pepperone, which is a hot pepper
formula
mother's milk replacement, where the word „formula“ was used at some point in advertising
Formula is a shorthand written expression in maths, physics chemistry. Usually describes a law of nature or a recipe for cooking up a compound."Baby formula", however, is not a recipe for "how to make a baby".
accounts receivable, payable
accounts of suppliers and buyers
You can't really send, receive or pay an account. Account is not an item, not a sum, it's just an agreed slot in which certain debts and payments are written
drug
narcotic
it's shorthand for both „pharmaceutical drug“ and „psychoactive drug“, and in many cases it's hard to decide which one was meant.
iso
a file containing an image of a disk written in ISO 9660 format.
ISO is the international standards organization, not a file extension. Many don't even know this, they say eye ass owe and mean a file.
chef
chief cook
The word simply means chief. Saying that chef automatically means a cook is an actual insult to all other chiefs in francophone countries who are not cooks. Like chef de police.